northeast of Boston) provided automated gas-chromatographic measurements for these species as well as the somewhat more stable 1,1,1 trichloroethane (methyl chloroform, CH3CCl3). A high temporal frequency (hourly) measurement campaign in Nahant, Massachusetts (approximately 10 km. The present work was designed to aid in understanding the emissions patterns for several reactive halogenated organic compounds including trichloromethane (chloroform, CHCl3), trichloroethene (TCE, CHClCCl2), and tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene, CCl2CCl2). However, for many of these organo-chlorine molecules a detailed knowledge of emissions levels, transport, and final environmental disposition still does not exist. Most previous studies of reactive chlorine compounds have focused solely on quantifying their ambient levels in urban and rural regions. Now that controls have been put in place to curb emissions of longer lived halocarbons through the Montreal Protocol, and speculation about the safety of many short-lived chlorinated organic molecules has been raised, there has been more consideration given to the efforts aimed at determining the levels of human exposure to all types of halogenated organics. B.Atmospheric studies of halogenated organics have centered on long lived halocarbons due to their effect on stratospheric ozone. the entire chemical industry is in the drug business". whether old, young, or not yet born whether well or sick whether they want it or not. "Dioxin and its chemical cousins have been administered, wholesale to everyone. The Women's Environmental Network Guide to Dioxins, Is also a large source, because hospitals That PVC forms up to half the chlorine in Main chlorinated material responsible for States that its Merseyside plant releasedġ200 tonnes of vinyl chloride into the at. Of chlorine produced annually in the UK is
The process uses chlorine gas and prducesĬhlorinated drinking water are more likelyĭeveloped. Immediately after swimming and they alsoĬause sore eyes. Immune system damage, especially likely in childrenĭamage to liver, kidney and digestive tractīirth defects and behavioural changes in offspring The effects in this list have been demon-ĭioxin contam ination in the general publicĪre far higherthan before industrialisation. Short-lived, dioxin's activity in the cell is Implications for birth defects and cancer. Pollutants released from the ash may reach the water supply. The ash from incinerators and fires contains large amounts of dioxins, furans and other toxic substances. Sewage contains dioxins - partly originating from the use of PCP wood preservative in homes and wood treatment plants. Dioxins in fish come partly from airborne particles falling on the sea, but also from industrial and sewage discharges. This also appliesto otheranimals, and is the reason why animal fat is the major source of dioxins for humans. Since they do not break down, the cow acts as a dioxin concentrator. The dioxins stick firmly to fat in the cow, particularly to the milk fat, and to the fatty part of the meat. The airborne dioxins fall on fields over a wide area beyond the burning site, where animals such as cows eat grass and plants contaminated by them. The dioxins are actually created on particles of soot and dust which are then spread efficiently into the air as the hot gases rise from the fire.
The dioxins that arefound in our bodies in the UK come mainly from the burning of material containing organochlorines such as PVC and wood treated with PCP. Large quantities of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, the most toxic dioxin. Widespread use everywhere as a wood preservat ive.Īgent Orange, the defoliant used in Vietnam, contained Pesticides in Britain is now very small, but PCP is still in Pentachlorophenol(PCP) contains dioxin impurities, and The manufacture of organochlorines produces dioxins. Municipal, hospital and toxic waste incinerationĬars running on leaded petrol(a small but need less source The burning of rubbish and metal reprocessing createsĭioxins from the organochlorines in the waste stream. UK sources of dioxins and furans AIRBORNE
Has fallen dramatically over the last few The levels of dioxins and PCBs in Britain With effects on memory and co-ordination.
Products at risk from high levels of dioxins. If a product shows a list of itsĪgricultural land and accumulating in the Of chlorine is produced from salt in this In its various artificial forms, chlorineĬhlorine can exist safely, in the form of Chlorine, pollution and the environment - WEN Trust Chlorine, pollution and the environment
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